System vulnerabilities — holes through which intruders may crawl inside your servers — are cropping up at a rate six or seven per day, a pace that strains the resources of most system administrators, security experts say.
Many such vulnerabilities are minor enough that I-managers can wait for them to be fixed in the next release of an operating system (OS) or Web browser. But some holes, such as the recently identified buffer-overflow exposure of Microsofts Internet Information Server, can leave Web sites open to attack. Although the IIS vulnerability could easily be fixed with a patch that Microsoft posted June 18, a malicious worm called Code Red had no trouble propagating itself to 250,000 unpatched IIS servers in nine hours when it was launched on July 19.
The Code Red incident left little doubt that the most serious security risks for Internet businesses are not just the holes in the software, but also the time lag in closing them. A major hazard lies in the fact that a worm to exploit the IIS exposure was ready about four weeks after the patch was created — and during those weeks, many system administrators had not bothered to fix their systems.
Hackers “are moving up the software stack” to the Web server, database server and application server, says Chris Rouland, director of X-Force, the research arm of security software vendor Internet Security Systems.
In 1996, only about five new system vulnerabilities showed up each month. Today, there are 200 new vulnerabilities per month, Rouland says, and system administrators are hard-pressed to pay attention to those that most directly affect them.
“Its an enormous number of patches to keep up with. I think its a losing proposition” for many administrators, says John Garber, chief strategic officer of Cryptek Secure Communications, a security firm whose intrusion detection systems shield data and applications.
Says Rouland: “There is a requirement for tools that automatically look for vulnerabilities,” which might tell the administrator what patches are needed.
Antivirus software suppliers such as McAfee.com and Symantec have long provided virus signature updates from their Web sites, and they can even automatically distribute those updates to corporate servers when a new virus is discovered. Customers then administer the updates themselves throughout their organizations from a centralized server.
But OS and Web server vendors cant simply automatically update their products on customers sites in the same way. Every site has its own configuration and set of applications running on the system, and customers want to test patches before loading them into their production environments, Garber says.
The closest thing to automated patching comes from new security services that, for a fee, keep your systems up to date and protected. Security intelligence firms, including iDefense and Vigilinx, can provide such a service based on specific customer environments.
“Administrators dont have to update their own systems,” says David Endler, iDefenses practice manager. “We can find the patch and apply it across the organization with network management tools.” IDefenses iAlert service costs $15,000 per year for a three-administrator license.
But no matter how sophisticated automated processes are, says Jerry Freese, Vigilinxs director of intelligence, “theres still no substitute for human vigilance.”