In the security year that was 2006, zero-day attacks and exploits dominated the headlines.
However, the year will be best remembered for the work of members of the hacking—er, security research—community who discovered and disclosed serious vulnerabilities in the technologies we take for granted, forced software vendors to react faster to flaw warnings and pushed the vulnerability research boat into new, uncharted waters.
In no particular order, heres my list of five hackers who left a significant mark on 2006 and set the stage for more important discoveries in 2007:
H.D. Moore
H.D. Moore has always been a household name—and a bit of a rock star—in hacker circles. As a vulnerability researcher and exploit writer, he built the Metasploit Framework into a must-use penetration testing tool. In 2006, Moore reloaded the open-source attack tool with new tricks to automate exploitation through scripting, simplify the process of writing an exploit, and increase the re-use of code between exploits.
Moores public research also included the MoBB (Month of Browser Bugs) project that exposed security flaws in the worlds most widely used Web browsers; a malware search engine that used Google search queries to find live malware samples; the MoKB (Month of Kernel Bugs) initiative that uncovered serious kernel-level flaws; and the discovery of Wi-Fi driver bugs that could cause code execution attacks.
Love him or hate him—hackers marvel at his skills while software vendors decry his stance on vulnerability disclosure—Moores work nudged the security discussion to the mainstream media and confirmed that vulnerability research will remain alive in 2007.
Jon “Johnny Cache” Ellch and David Maynor
At the Black Hat Briefings in Las Vegas, Jon “Johnny Cache” Ellch teamed up with former SecureWorks researcher David Maynor to warn of exploitable flaws in wireless device drivers. The presentation triggered an outburst from the Mac faithful and an ugly disclosure spat that still hasnt been fully resolved.
For Ellch and Maynor, the controversy offered a double-edged sword. In many ways, they were hung out to dry by Apple and SecureWorks, two companies that could not manage the disclosure process in a professional manner. In some corners of the blogosphere, they were unfairly maligned for mentioning that the Mac was vulnerable.
However, among security researchers who understood the technical nature—and severity—of their findings, Ellch and Maynor were widely celebrated for their work, which was the trigger for the MoKB (Month of Kernel Bugs) project that launched with exploits for Wi-Fi driver vulnerabilities.
Since the Black Hat talk, a slew of vendors—including Broadcom, D-Link, Toshiba and Apple—have shipped fixes for the same class of bugs identified by Ellch and Maynor, confirming the validity of their findings.
Maynor has since moved on, leaving SecureWorks to launch Errata Security, a product testing and security consulting startup.
Mark Russinovich
Before Mark Russinovichs mind-blowing expose of Sony BMGs use of stealth technology in a DRM (digital rights management) scheme, “rootkit” was a techie word. Now, the word is being used in marketing material for every anti-virus vendor, cementing Russinovichs status as a Windows internals guru with few equals.
The Sony rootkit discovery highlighted the fact that anti-virus vendors were largely clueless about the threat from stealth malware and forced security vendors to build anti-rootkit scanners into existing products.
Russinovich, who now works at Microsoft after Redmond acquired Sysinternals, spent most of 2006 expanding on his earlier rootkit warnings and building new malware hunting tools and utilities.
Joanna Rutkowska
Polish researcher Joanna Rutkowska also used the spotlight of the 2006 Black Hat Briefings to showcase new research into rootkits and stealthy malware. In a standing-room-only presentation, she dismantled the new driver-signing mechanism in Windows Vista to plant a rootkit on the operating system and also introduced the world to “Blue Pill,” a virtual machine rootkit that remains “100 percent undetectable,” even on Windows Vista x64 systems.
In 2006, Rutkowska also pinpointed inherent weaknesses in anti-virus software; warned that the major operating system vendors are not yet ready for hardware virtualization technology and confirmed fears that stealth malware is the operating systems biggest security threat.
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