Researchers from the University of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada, have developed proof-of-concept implementations of a scheme that exploits unencrypted wireless connections to blast PCs with ads.
In a paper March 9, the researchers described how the adware-dubbed Typhoid-convinces laptops to communicate with it as opposed to a legitimate access point. Next, the adware inserts its advertisements in videos and Web pages on other computers.
The computers it targets do not see the adware, because it is not installed on their machines. Likewise, the user whose computer is infected with the adware does not see any ads, so the user may not know the machine has been compromised. The researchers named the threat after Typhoid Mary, who unknowingly infected people with typhoid fever.
“Typhoid adware is designed for public places where people bring their laptops,” Associate Professor John Aycock, co-author of the paper, said in a statement May 21. “It’s far more covert, displaying advertisements on computers that don’t have the adware installed, not the ones that do.”
According to the authors, Typhoid adware can be implemented using techniques such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) spoofing and proxies, and was successfully demonstrated in both wired and wireless networks modifying a variety of content that included streaming video.
“Even in the most overhead-intensive case, streaming video, the victim still receives the content in a reasonable time,” the authors wrote in the paper.
The researchers offered up “a number of defenses” against Typhoid, including “protecting the content of videos to ensure that what users see comes from the original source,” the university statement said. Another defense is to “tell laptops they are at an Internet cafe to make them more suspicious of contact from other computers.”
“When you go to an Internet cafe, you tell your computer you are there and it can put up these defenses,” Aycock said. “Antivirus companies can do the same thing through software that stops your computer from being misled and redirected to someone else.”