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Microsoft is making it much more difficult to access and steal a businesss vital data from one of its PCs.
The giant software maker will deliver Bitlocker, a hard drive encryption tool, as part of its forthcoming Windows Vista operating system, which is now in its second beta and is due to large businesses in November. Bitlocker, which will come with Windows Vista Enterprise and Ultimate editions, can be used to encrypt an entire hard drive, making it more difficult for someone to access the computers data if it is lost or stolen.
Microsoft believes that Bitlocker will help companies guard against accidental loss—where a PC, as well as a server in many cases, is lost or possibly disposed of without its drive being wiped—inappropriate access by company employees and even theft from individuals interested in a PC for its data. Despite the fact that hard drive encryption tools already exist, the act of including Bitlocker with Windows Vista—and integrating the tool with its Active Directory for things like automatically storing backup encryption keys—could get more businesses thinking about encrypting their PC hard drives, due to security concerns, industry watchers said.
Indeed, “One of my most favorite [new features] now in Windows Vista is Bitlocker Drive Encryption. Why is that? Its going to secure the information on a hard disk, whether its in a laptop or a desktop PC, and if [a PC] is stolen nobody can get the data off of it,” said Will Poole, senior vice president of Microsofts Market Expansion Group, during a WinHEC keynote address on May 23 in Seattle. “I personally burned the better part of a perfectly nice Saturday just a few weeks ago, after being informed by a financial services company in New York that a PC had been stolen from their office that had my name, account information and Social Security number on it.”
The availability of Bitlocker would have had made it harder for someone to access the data resident on the stolen machine, Poole said.
Although Bitlocker has not yet been tested widely given that Vista is still in beta, security industry watchers agreed that, at a minimum, the wider availability of hard drive encryption tools is a good step for companies looking to beef up their data security.
But security expert Bruce Schneier, chief technology officer at Mountain View, Calif.-based Counterpane Internet Security, warned that Bitlocker is not a panacea, but just one of several steps needed to keep data secure.
“In security, the devil is in the details,” Schneier said. Still, “at the level Ive read, [Bitlocker] seems well-designed.”
Just like with any other software product, flaws are likely to crop up from time to time and require fixing, he said.
Bitlocker, Microsoft officials said, is capable of working either with or without a TPM (Trusted Platform Module) security chip. But they said they consider the encryption tool to be at its best when it can take advantage of the combination of a TPM 1.2-specification chip and a secure BIOS.
With a TPM present, Bitlocker uses the chip to generate cryptographic keys based on scans of core system files—things like the master boot record—in addition to a key for the hard drive itself. The drives entire volume, including the operating system, page file, temporary files, hibernation volume, user data and blank space, are all encrypted by Bitlocker, said Shon Eizenhoefer, a Microsoft program manager, during a May 24 presentation at WinHEC.
Later, if one of the core files is discovered to have been changed or replaced—an indication that a machine may have been tampered with or its hard drive removed in an effort to access its data—Bitlocker will not release any of the keys in preboot and thus the data stays encrypted, Eizenhoefer said.
“After the first time, every time you turn on machine, it makes sure that current measurements match, so that if someone tries to hack with a BIOS or an [external] drive … the TPM can detect it and wont release the keys to the rest of the OS.”
Setting up Bitlocker requires a few clicks into Vistas security control panel and then a few more to set up the feature. Bitlocker allows users to log in and access their machines in several ways, including placing a log-in key on a USB (Universal Serial Bus) drive, creating a PIN (personal identification number) or using only a TPM.
Using a TPM with a USB key is the most secure method—assuming a person doesnt carry that key in the same case as his or her laptop—but presents the possibility of lost or stolen USB keys. PINs can also be lost or stolen. Meanwhile, simply using a TPM is most convenient, but more defeatable in that it only takes cracking a systems password to gain access to its data.
“TPM-only provides a clear advantage in that its transparent to the user,” Eizenhoefer said. “They dont even need to know its there … and, at the very least, that TPM protection provides a very significant layer of protection to help protect that data.”
To deal with lost or forgotten PINs, Bitlocker offers a recovery key, which can be saved to a file, printed, or stored on the Web or in an Active Directly server for domain-joined business machines.
But, despite the advantages of hard drive encryption, there are still some concerns among security experts about Bitlocker and how it may be used.
“The fear is this is an entry into a very restrictive DRM [digital rights management] system,” Schneier said. “Thats down the road. We have to watch and make sure Microsoft cant abuse this technology.”
Others are concerned that Bitlocker might not follow industry-standard specifications.
“My hackles are up just slightly when the industry goes in multiple directions at the same time,” said Roger Kay, president of EndPoint Technologies Associates in Wayland, Mass. “Microsoft is particularly well-known for doing that. They sort of show up to every standards group, but when it comes to productization, they do it their own way.”
The one-time adoption of a single method by the PC industry would be more favorable.
However, there is something to be said for quicker time-to-market, Kay said.
“Theyre not entirely wrong. They put out functionality, they can get it out quickly,” he added. “The TCG [Trusted Computing Group] is still sort of fiddling around” with an effort to create a hard drive encryption standard of its own.